Productivity of spring wheat and its relation to elements of yield structure in years differ by meteorological conditions
Pages: 9-15.
Volkova L.V., PhD, head of laboratory
North-East Agricultural Research Institute, Kirov, Russia
E-mail: niish-sv@mail.ru
The result of seven years of research conducted on 322 collectible varieties of spring wheat in conditions of Kirov region shows the influence of meteorological conditions on the elements of productivity in the individual phases of the growing season. There was close positive correlation between yield and amount of precipitations during active plant growth - phase of elongation - earing (r = 0.87). The limits of variation of yield (148 - 500 g/m2) and its structural elements are determined; the regularities of variability of the traits in years favourable and unfavourable by heat and humidity. Within deteriorating conditions and a decrease in the average level of productivity a coefficient of intervarietal variation was increased significantly by 22 to 40 %. Unstability is shown of the values of pair correlations between productivity and its structural elements and accordingly the change in contribution of individual traits into yield depending on change of the limiting environmental factors. With a decrease in the total level of productivity its association with length of growing season and productivity of the main spike was intensified. In a comfortable growth conditions correlation between productivity and productive tillering and mass of 1000 grains was increased. Correlation of productivity with plant height was consistently high regardless of the year conditions. According to the results of the multiple regressions analysis the most informative traits were identified: plant height, the duration of the period from germination to ear emergence, length of growing season, length of spike, mass of grain per ear. Recommendations are given for selection that will improve the efficiency of breeding for environmental stability of the most limited traits.
Keywords: soft spring wheat, collection, productivity, weather conditions, elements of yield structure, variation
References
1. Dragavtsev V.A. Epigeneticheskie preobrazovaniya ekologo-geneticheskoy struktury kolichestvennykh priznakov produktivnosti. [Epigenetic conversion of ecological and genetic structures of quantitative characters of productivity]. Ekologicheskaya genetika kul'turnykh rasteniy: materialy shkoly molodykh uchenykh. [Ecological genetics of cultivated plants: Proceedings of the school of young scientists]. Moscow: OAO «Shcherbinskaya tipografiya», 2014. pp. 60-70.
2. Kil'chevskiy A.V., Khotyleva L.V. Ekologicheskaya selektsiya rasteniy. [Ecological plant breeding]. Minsk: Tekhnalogiya, 1997. 372 p.
3. Sizikov A.P. Izmenchivost' genotipicheskikh korrelyatsiy kolichestvennykh priznakov yarovoy pshenitsy i ee rol' v selektsii: diss…. kand. s.-kh. nauk. [Genotypic variability of correlations of quantitative traits of spring wheat and its role in breeding: PhD Thesis]. Novosibirsk, 1983. 237 p.
4. Laskin V.P., Pankratova A.P. Rol' agrotekhnicheskikh fonov na rannikh etapakh selektsii. [The role of agrotechnical backgrounds at the early stages of breeding]. Selektsiya i semenovodstvo. 1984. no.8. pp. 19-21.
5. V'yushkov A.A., Mal'chikov P.N., Syukov V.V., Shevchenko S.N. Selektsionno-geneticheskoe uluchshenie yarovoy pshenitsy: izd. 2-e, ispravlennoe i dopolnennoe. [Breeding and genetic improvement of spring wheat: Second edition, revised and enlarged]. Samara: Samarskiy nauchnyy tsentr RAN, 2012. 266 p.
6. Tishchenko V.N., Chekalin N.M. Korrelyatsionno-regressionnyy analiz kolichestvennykh priznakov u ozimoy myagkoy pshenitsy: parnye i chastnye koeffitsienty geneticheskoy korrelyatsii mezhdu urozhaem i priznakami produktivnosti kolosa u liniy i sortov ozimoy pshenitsy. [Correlation and regression analysis of quantitative traits in soft winter wheat: pair and private rates of genetic correlation between yield and spike productivity traits in the lines and varieties of winter wheat]. Geneticheskie osnovy adaptivnoy selektsii ozimoy pshenitsy v zone lesostepi. [Genetic bases of adaptive selection of winter wheat in forest-steppe zone]. Poltava, 2005. pp. 60-66.
7. Kumakov V.A., Berezin B.V., Evdokimova O.A. et al. Produktsionnyy protsess v posevakh pshenitsy. [Production process in wheat sowings]. Saratov, 1994. 203 p.
8. Rozova M.A., Ziborov A.I. Korrelyatsionnye svyazi produktivnosti s ee elementami i morfologicheskimi priznakami u sortov yarovoy tverdoy pshenitsy v blagopriyatnykh usloviyakh i pri ranne-letney zasukhe v Priobskoy lesostepi Altayskogo kraya. [Correlation of productivity with its elements and morphological traits in spring durum wheat in favorable conditions and in early summer drought in the Ob' steppe of Altai territory]. Vestnik Altayskogo gosudarstvennogo agrarnogo universiteta, 2012. no. 1. pp. 17-20.
9. Metodicheskie ukazaniya po izucheniyu mirovoy kollektsii pshenitsy. [Guidelines for the study of world wheat collection]. Leningrad, 1977. 28 p.
10. Markin B.K. Osobennosti formirovaniya i modelirovaniya kachestva zerna yarovoy myagkoy pshenitsy. [Features of formation and simulation of grain quality in spring wheat]. Zernovye kul'tury. 2000. no. 6. pp. 15-17.
11. Evdokimov V.S., Yusov V.S. Zavisimost' urozhaynosti yarovoy tverdoy pshenitsy i ee komponentov ot meteofaktorov v usloviyakh lesostepnoy zony Zapadnoy Sibiri. [The dependence of productivity of spring durum wheat and its components from the meteorological factors in the conditions of forest-steppe zone of Western Siberia]. Doklady Rossiyskoy akademii s.-kh. nauk. 2005. no. 1. pp. 10-13.
12. Kobtseva L.V., Stupina L.A. Izuchenie vliyaniya prirodno-klimaticheskikh faktorov na urozhaynost' yarovoy myagkoy pshenitsy na raznykh etapakh organogeneza. [Study of influence of climatic factors on the productivity of spring wheat at various stages of organogenesis]. Vestnik Altayskogo gosudarstvennogo agrarnogo universiteta. 2012. no. 5 (91). pp. 21-25.
13. Konovalov Yu.B., Tararina V.V. Potentsial'nye i real'nye pokazateli produktivnosti kolosa u yarovoy pshenitsy razlichnykh let selektsii. [Potential and actual performance of spike productivity in spring wheat bred in different years]. Izvestiya TSKhA. 1989. Vyp. 2. pp. 42-49.
14. Tsil'ke R.A. Izmenchivost' kolichestvennykh priznakov kollektsionnykh obraztsov yarovoy myagkoy i tverdoy pshenitsy v usloviyakh Zapadnoy Sibiri. [Variability of quantitative traits of collection samples of spring and durum wheat in Western Siberia]. Selektsiya sel'skokhozyaystvennykh rasteniy: itogi, perspektivy: Sb. nauch. tr. RASKhN. Sib. otd-nie. SibNIIRS. [Breeding crops: results and prospects: Coll. scientific. tr. RAAS. Sib. Dep-set. SibNIIRS]. Novosibirsk, 2005. pp. 192-222.
