Influence of precursors and methods of basic processing on productivity of grain-bearing crops on drainage lands
Pages: 25-30.
Mitrofanov Y.I., PhD in agriculture, head of department,
Gulyaev M.V., PhD in agriculture, senior researcher,
Kuharina V.N., senior researcher,
Lukyanov S.A., associated researcher
Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution All-Russian Research Institute of Reclaimed Lands (FGBNU VNIIMZ), Tver, Russia
E-mail: vniimz@list.ru
The results of research (2003...2005) on the influence of predecessors (potato, winter rye, barley, flax) and basic tillage methods (deep-fall plowing and disking) on water-and-physical properties and biological activity of soil, weed infestation, productivity of legume crops on drained sod-podzolic soil in the conditions of the Vologda region. When plowing with cut-out dumps for 30-32 cm the bulk mass in the 20-30 cm layer decreased by 0.03-0.15 g/cm3, and the water permeability of the soil increased by 0.24 m/day. The shallow processing of the soil to a depth of 8-12 cm (disking) leds to increase in differentiation of the arable layer - it increased the bulk density in the layer 10-20 by 0.04-0.05 g/cm3. Filtering coefficient after disking decreased by 0.20 m /day. It is established that the best predecessor of barley and oats with the application of fertilizers and the usual system of tillage (plowing at 20-22 cm) is potato. In barley addition yield compared to other predecessors made 0.27-0.39 t/ha. Among combinations of precursors with soil cultivation methods plowing with cut-out dumps after winter rye was a reliable addition of barley yield (0.31 t/ha). In the variant with repeated sowing of barley plowing with cut-out dumps reduced barley yield by 0.29 t/ha or 8.5 %. Treating the soil with discs reduced the yield of oats when placed in crop rotation after flax and barley. In all other cases, the replacement of plowing on 20-22 cm with disking on 8-12 cm does not reduce the yield of barley and oats. Replacement of plowing on 20-22 cm by small processing on 8-12 cm allows to reduce expenses for main processing by 47.1%, including expenses on fuel for 7.8 l/ha or 45.3%, labor for 0.4 person hours per ha or 33.9%.
Keywords: drainage soil, predecessor, deep processing, disking, bulk mass, biological activity, weediness, productivity
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