Influence of mineral fertilizers on productivity of grain-fallow-grass crop
Pages: 37-43.
Abashev V.D., DSc, head of laboratory,
Svetlakova E.V., assistant researcher
North-East Agricultural Research Institute, Kirov, Russia
E-mail: niish-sv@mail.ru
Since 1972-1974 there is a seventh rotation of grain-fallow-grass six-field crop rotation in three laying of long stationary experiment. Ammonium nitrate, double superphosphate and potassium chloride were used. Productivity of grain crops increased with increase of doses of mineral fertilizers, however increases of yield from each following dose decreased. Productivity of a meadow clover decreased with increase of fertilizer doses. Recoupment of 1 kg of acting matter of fertilizers changed similarly to increases of yield of the basic production. The greatest recoupment was observed in a variant with the minimum doses of mineral fertilizers N30P30K30 7.7-7.9 kg of fodder units, having decreased in a variant with the maximum doses N150Р150К150 to 3.2-3.3 kg of fodder units. Productivity of grain crops is defined basically by application of nitric and phosphoric fertilizers and their interaction. Potash fertilizers make essential impact on grain yield volume at their joint entering with the nitric. Most effective doze for grain crops on sod-podzolic loam soil is N90P90K90. At further increasing in fertilizer dozes yield's additions are insignificant. Spring wheat yield in variant without fertilizer input is significantly higher than of winter rye, barley, and oats (2.64, 2.11, 1.30, and 1.18 accordingly). It is due to positive influence of predecessor – meadow clover. At long-term using of increasing dozes of mineral fertilizers that are input for basic grain crops of six-field grain-fallow-grass crop rotation it is pointed out decreasing of organic matter content in all variants of experiment (from 1.53% up to 1.34-1.45%). Phosphorus and potassium content in soil is determined with doze of corresponding fertilizer. Increasing of doze of nitric fertilizer is accompanied with acidification of soil.
Keywords: grain-fallow-grass crop rotation, sod-podzolic loam soil, mineral fertilizers, productivity, recoupment of fertilizers with basic production
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