Agrochemical properties of sod-podzolic soil and productivity of field crops at entering of increasing doses of complete mineral fertilizer
Pages: 35-41.
Zavyalova N.E., DSc in biology, head of laboratory
Perm Research Institute of Agriculture, s. Lobanovo, Perm, Russia
Storozheva A.N., undergraduate
Perm State Agricultural Academy, Perm, Russia
E-mail: pniish@rambler.ru
Study was carried out on influence of increasing doses (0, 30, 60, 90, 120, and 150 kg/ha of acting matter) of complete mineral fertilizer on the main indicators of fertility of sod-podzolic soil and the yield of field crops in the long-time experimental field of Perm Agricultural Research Institute in 8-field crop rotation with two fields of clover in 2012-2014. A negative correlation is established between doses of NPK and pHKCl value (r = -0.94). Introducing of high doses N120-150P120-150K120-150 leads to acidification of topsoil from pH 5.6 at begining of experimetn in 1978 to pH 4.9…4.8, but promotes preservation of humus 2.04…2.06% at baseline (2.12%). The total content of mobile phosphorus at introducing of studied doses in the layer 0…20 cm increased to 300…452 mg/kg in comparison with the initial content (175 mg/kg); in the layer of 20…40 cm to 228…358 mg/kg. The maximum yield of wheat (2.5 t/ha) was obtained at entering of complete fertilizer dose 60 kg/ha; of potatoes – 21.8 t/ha at a dose 90 kg/ha; red clover – 2.2…2.3 t/ha at a dose 120-150 kg/ha for a previous crop. The introduction of higher doses of NPK did not enhance the yield of wheat and potatoes, but has led to the deterioration of product quality. In variants N120-150P120-150K120-150 dry matter content in potato tubers decreased by 1.3…2.5 % (LSD05 = 0.6) and starch to 0.65% (LSD05 = 0.55) in comparison with optimal variant N90P90K90; accumulation of nitrate nitrogen was observed above the maximum allowable concentration – up to 280…337 mg/kg. Increased in gluten content in wheat grain was observed at the improvement of nitrogen nutrition from 33.08% for the variant without fertilizers to 42.33% at application of NPK in a dose 60 kg/ha; higher dose of fertilizer resulted in a decrease in the content on 4.85…6.08%. The highest nitrogen content (3.23%) identified in the green mass of clover in variant N150P150K150.
Keywords: sod-podzolic soil, mineral fertilizers, agrochemical properties, yield of field crops
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