The role of pure and occupied fallows in increasing of winter wheat productivity and conservation of soil fertility
Pages: 27-32.
Ovsyannikova G.V., PhD in agriculture, leading researcher,
Jankowski, N.G., DSc in agriculture, leading researcher,
Krivosheeva E.D., senior researcher
All Russian Research Institute for Grain Crops, Rostov region, Zernograd
E-mail: vniizk30@mail.ru
The results of research on the influence of predecessors and long-term application of fertilizers on productivity of winter wheat and the balance of humus in field crop rotation are presented in the article. Predecessors of winter wheat were pure and occupied (sainfoin) fallows. Mineral and organic fertilizers were entered on the pure fallow predecessor with plowing. During the growing season nitrogen fertilization was applied. Only nitrogen fertilization was used on sainfoin predecessor. Studies have shown that the application of fertilizers for winter wheat on the pure and sainfoin fallows contributed to the increase in the content of nutrients in the soil throughout the growing season and the formation of additional grain yield. Additions of productivity on the fertilized variants were 0.59-1.08 t/ha on pure fallow and (control – 4.96 t/ha); on sainfoin – 0.56-0.80 t/ha (control - 3.91 t/ha). This allows to use occupied fallow (sainfoin) in the zone of unstable humidification in addition to the pure fallow as well as instead of pure fallow obtaining the grain yield of winter wheat in the range of 3.91-4.71 t/ha. At entering of green manure fallow into the crop rotation without manure application processes of humification in the soil prevail over the processes of mineralization. The flow of organic matter in the form of green manure (sainfoin) can stabilize the humus content in the soil (humification – 8.20, mineralization – of 7.95 t/ha). Application of mineral fertilizers provides an additional flow of organic matter to the soil. On average, the crop rotation has a positive balance of humus – 1.15-1.16 t/ha.
Keywords: predecessor, variety, winter wheat, sainfoin, yield, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, humus
References
1. Alabushev A.V., Yankovskiy N.G., Ovsyannikova G.V. e.a. Vozdelyvanie myagkoy ozimoy pshenitsy v Rostovskoy oblasti. [Cultivation of soft winter wheat in the Rostov region]. Rostov na Donu: ZAO «Kniga», 2011. 64 p.
2. Ovsyannikova G.V., Krivosheeva E.D. Vliyanie predshestvennikov na urozhaynost' ozimoy pshenitsy v zavisimosti ot obespechennosti pochvy vlagoy i osnovnymi elementami pitaniya. [Effect of predecessors on winter wheat productivity depending on soil moisture and nutrients supply]. Nauchnoe obespechenie stabil'nosti proizvodstva zernovykh i kormovykh kul'tur. Sb. nauch. tr. [Scientific supply of stability of grain and fodder crops production]. VNIIZK. 2008. pp. 332-337.
3. Alabushev A.V., Ovsyannikova G.V., Yankovskiy N.G., Ignat'eva N.G. Reaktsiya ozimoy pshenitsy na sistematicheskoe vnesenie udobreniy v zven'yakh zernoparopropashnogo sevooborota. [Response of winter wheat on systematic fertilizing in the grain crop rotation chains]. Zernovoe khozyaystvo Rossii. 2014. no.5. pp. 54-60.
4. Listopadov I.N. Sevooboroty yuzhnykh regionov. [Crop rotations of the southern regions]. Rostov-na-Donu, 2005. 276 p.
5. Chebotarev N.T., Tulinov A.G. Vliyanie dlitel'nogo primeneniya udobreniy na agrokhimi-cheskie pokazateli i balans organicheskogo veshchestva v dernovo-podzolistoy pochve Respubliki Komi. [Influence of a long use of fertilizers on agrochemical indexes and balance of the organic matter in the sod-podzolic soil of the Republic of Komi]. Agrarnyy vestnik Urala. 2011. no. 2. pp. 11-12.
6. Epifanov V.S., Chirkov A.I., Epifanova I.V. Semennaya produktivnost' mnogoletnikh bobovykh trav. [Seed productivity of perennial leguminous grasses]. Kormoproizvodstvo. 2003. no. 4. pp. 26-28.
7. Gritsenko A.A. Agrometeorologicheskie usloviya v Zernogradskom rayone Rostovskoy oblasti (1930-2002 god). [Agrometeorological conditions in the Zernograd district of the Rostov region (1930-2002)]. Zernograd. Rostov-na-Donu, 2005. 80 p.
8. Ermolenko V.P., Kalinenko I.G. e.a. Sistema vedeniya agropromyshlennogo proizvodstva Rostovskoy oblasti (na period 2001-2005 gg.). [Systems of agroindustrial production in the Rostov region (for 2001-2005)]. Rostov-na-Donu: izd-vo «Feniks», 2001. 928 p.
9. Ignat'ev S.A., Gryazeva T.V., Chesnokov I.M. Tekhnologiya vozdelyvaniya espartseta v Rostovskoy oblasti. [Technology of sainfoin cultivation in the Rostov region]. Rostov na Donu: ZAO «Kniga», 2013. 24 p.
10. Dospekhov B.A. Metodika polevogo opyta. [Methodology of the field trial]. Moscow: Kolos, 1985. 351 p.
11. Metodika gosudarstvennogo ispytaniya sel'skokhozyaystvennykh kul'tur. [Methodology of State testing of agricultural crops]. Moscow: Kolos, 1989. Iss. 2. 250 p.
12. Ignat'ev S.A., Chesnokov I.M., Gryazeva T.V., Ignat'eva N.G. Produktivnost' i ispol'zovanie sovremen-nykh sortov espartseta. [Productivity and use of modern sainfoin varieties]. Zemledelie. 2013. no. 8. pp. 36-37.
