The development of bionic trends in agricultural mechanics
Pages: 68-74.
Babitskiy L.F., DSc in engineering, professor, head of the cathedra,
Moskalevich V.Y., PhD in engineering, associate professor,
Sobolevsky I.V., PhD in engineering, associate professor
Academy of Life and Environmental Sciences of «V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University», Republic of Crimea, Simferopol, Russia
E-mail: kaf-meh@rambler.ru
Prerequisites for the use of ideas of nature at the creation of agricultural machinery founded by academician V.P. Goryachkin, Professor A.N. Gudkov and other scientists. We have proposed a new bionic direction in agricultural mechanics, which consists in using the principles and techniques of bionics for the justification of working processesof agricultural machines and their working bodies. A living biological system “soil–plant–atmosphere” is considered in which the artificial deformer – working body tillage tools is introduced during the process of acting. All parameters of the generated tillage of the working body should be obtained on the basis of bionic modeling a biological prototype operating in this system. For bionic modeling of the working bodies of tillage machines the closest biological prototypes limbs are burrowing animals and in-sect burrowing animals and aquatic organisms. Study of the jaw apparatus of birds was given the opportunity to justify the form of bits on the high-speed cultivator claws in the form of a bird beak. The peculiar structure of the claws and teeth of animals as a combination of layers of dif-ferent hardness is used in the creation of self-sharpening plowshares and hoes. The study of movement paws of the siberian zokor and marmot helped to determine the kinematics of the blades of the working bodies of milling cutter for processing the reclamation of sodic soils. The analysis of the principle of the movement of earthworm and structure of the main elements of its body design developed of the flexible harrows, the teeth of which are formed by the setae of the worm. The principle of creation moves worms in dense soil underlying the design of vibration-impact chisel working body. Prototype with digging limb of a mole, pink armadillo, mole crickets and rhinoceros beetle have developed a new design cultivator working bodies with teeth on the tines and the rack. Determination of the optimal shape and parameters of the frontal surface of the slope of the lines is allowed to create new constructive scheme of flat-cutting tillage of the working body, which consists of a frame and a knife mounted on two vertical posts.
Keywords: bionic modeling, agricultural mechanics, study of the parameters, agricultural ma-chine, self-sharpening ploughshare, biological prototype, serrated knife, flexible harrow, energy consumption, environmental friendliness, reliability, tillage working body
References
1. Gorjachkin V.P. Zemledel’cheskaja mehanika. Ch. 1: Osnovy teorii zemledel’cheskih mashin i orudij: 1917-1918. [Agricultural mechanics. Part 1: basic theory of agricultural machinery and implements: 1917-1918]. Moscow: Kn-vo studentov Petrov.s.-h. akad., 1919. 200 p.
2. Gorjachkin V.P. Zemledel’cheskie mashiny i orudija. [Agricultural machines and tools]. Moscow: Kn-vo studentov Petrov. s.-h. akad., 1923. 181 p.
3. Letoshnev M.N. Sel’skohozjajstvennye mashiny. Teorija, raschet, proektirovanie i ispytanie. [Agricultural machines. Theory, calculation, design and testing]. Leningrad: Sel’hozgiz, 1955. 766 p.
4. Vasilenko P.M. Vvedenie v zemledel’cheskuju mehaniku. [Introduction to agricultural mechan-ics]. Kiev: Sel’hozobrazovanie, 1996. 252 p.
5. Sineokov G.N., Panov I.M. Teorija i raschjot pochvoobrabatyvajushhih mashin. [Theory and calculation of soil-cultivating machines]. Moscow: Mashinostroenie, 1977. 328 p.
6. Dubrovskij A.A. Vibracionnaja tehnika v sel’skom hozjajstve. [Vibration technique in agriculture]. Moscow: Mashinostroenie, 1968. 204 p.
7. Gudkov A.N. Teoreticheskie osnovy postroenija rabochih processov sel’skohozjajstvennyh mashin s uchetom haraktera zhivoj materii rastenij, zhivotnyh, pochvy. Zemledel’cheskaja mehanika. [Theoretical basis for the design of working processes of agricultural machines taking into account the nature of living matter of plants, animals, soils. Agricultural mechanics]. Moscow: Mashinostroenie, 1966. V. 9. pp. 86-97.
8. Rabinovich A.Sh. Samozatachivajushhiesja pluzhnye lemehi i drugie pochvorezhushhie detali mashin. [Sharpening plough shares and other soil-cutting machine parts]. Moscow: GOSNITI, 1962. 165 p.
9. Udel’nyj N.N., Moskalevich V.Ju. Obosnovanie parametrov preryvistoj naplavki lemehov i nozhej pochvoobrabatyvajushhih mashin. [Substantiation of the parameters of the intermittent surfacing chisels and knives of tillage machines]. Nauchno-prakticheskaja konferencija «Molodaja nauka»: sbornik trudov. [Scientific-practical conference “Young science”: collection of articles]. Pod obshhej redakciej N.G. Goncharovoj. Simferopol’: IT «ARIAL», 2015. pp. 184-186.
10. Babickij L.F., Sobolevskij I.V., Kuklin V.A. Obosnovanie konstruktivnyh parametrov gibkoj borony. [Substantiation of design parameters of flexible harrows]. Vіsnik Ukraїns’kogo vіddіlennja Mіzhnarodnoї akademії agrarnoї osvіti. 2016. no. 4. pp. 61-68.
